PDF of survey and levelling books by S. p.rangwala

Introduction – GPS segments – GPS receivers – Satellite orbits – Basic principle of position fixing – Differencing data – GPS field procedures – Error sources – GPS survey planning – Transformation between reference systems – Datums – Other satellite systems – Applications CurvesĬircular curves – Setting out curves – Compound and reverse curves – Short and/or small radius curves – Transition curves – Setting-out data – Cubic spiral and cubic parabola – Curve transitional throughout – The osculating circle – Vertical curves EarthworksĪreas – Partition of land – Cross-sections – Dip and strike – Volumes – Mass-haul diagrams Setting out (dimensional control) Traversing – Triangulation – Trilateration – Triangulateration – Inertial surveying Introduction – Reference ellipsoid – Coordinate systems – Local systems – Computation on the ellipsoid – Datum transformations – Orthomorphic projection – Ordnance Survey National Grid – Practical applications – The Universal Transverse Mercator Projection (UTM) – Plane rectangular coordinates Control surveys The theodolite – Instrumental errors – Instrument adjustment – Field procedure – Measuring angles – Sources of error Tapes – Field work – Distance adjustment – Errors in taping – Accuracies – Electromagnetic distance measurement (EDM) – Measuring principles – Meteorological corrections – Geometrical reductions – Errors and calibration – Other error sources – Instrument specifications – Developments in EDM – Optical distance measurement (ODM) Angles Introduction – Levelling – Definitions – Curvature and refraction – Equipment – Instrument adjustment – Principle of levelling – Sources of error – Closure tolerances – Error distribution – Levelling applications – Reciprocal levelling – Precise levelling – Digital levelling – Trigonometrical levelling – Stadia tacheometry Distance

Measurement – Indices of precision – Weight – Rejection of outliers – Combination

– Units of measurement – Significant figures – Rounding off numbers – Errors in Systems – DGM – CAD – GIS – Vector/raster – Topology – Laser scanner – Summary Control networks – Locating position – Locating topographic detail – Computer

PDF of survey and levelling books by S. p.rangwala